{"id":248,"date":"2017-05-17T12:34:18","date_gmt":"2017-05-17T12:34:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/debian-economist.eu\/wp\/?p=248"},"modified":"2020-10-06T15:46:23","modified_gmt":"2020-10-06T15:46:23","slug":"homosexualite-max-bird-defend-une-these-non-verifiee","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/debian-economist.eu\/wp\/?p=248","title":{"rendered":"Homosexualit\u00e9: Max Bird d\u00e9fend une th\u00e8se non v\u00e9rifi\u00e9e"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Dans sa derni\u00e8re vid\u00e9o, Max Bird part d&rsquo;un bon sentiment. Il veut lutter contre l&rsquo;homophobie mais il se prend les pieds dans le tapis en voulant d\u00e9fendre l&rsquo;homosexualit\u00e9 parce que \u00ab\u00a0c&rsquo;est naturel\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Ad5Lxf_kKRU\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Comme l&rsquo;a soulign\u00e9 un autre vid\u00e9aste, L\u00e9o Grasset alias Dirty Biology.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ad5Lxf_kKRU&amp;lc=z131tpnwjlalff5lc23qynt41oqqv335z04\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s8.postimg.cc\/8b0ow4pbp\/Capture_du_2017-05-17_12-06-56.png\" alt=\"Commentaire de Dirty Biology sur la vid\u00e9o de Max Bird.\" border=\"0\"><br \/>\nCommentaire de Dirty Biology sous la vid\u00e9o de Max Bird<\/a><\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;argument de Max Bird est \u00e0&nbsp; double tranchant: un homophobe peut r\u00e9pondre que si l&rsquo;homosexualit\u00e9 est g\u00e9n\u00e9tique alors c&rsquo;est une maladie g\u00e9n\u00e9tique qu&rsquo;il faut soigner au m\u00eame titre que la leucodystrophie. C&rsquo;est d\u00e9j\u00e0&nbsp; le cas comme le souligne Kate Shaw Yoshida, contributrice d&rsquo;ars technica <a href=\"https:\/\/arstechnica.com\/science\/2012\/12\/what-we-knowand-dont-knowabout-the-biology-of-homosexuality\/\">\u00e0&nbsp; propos d&rsquo;un autre papier de recherche sur les origines de l&rsquo;homosexualit\u00e9<\/a>:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>It&rsquo;s easy for media outlets to overhype this type of untested hypothesis; some are already touting epigenetics as the \u00ab\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.suntimes.com\/news\/metro\/16998486-418\/epi-marks-hold-answer-to-homosexuality.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">answer to homosexuality<\/a>.\u00a0\u00bb The paper is also an easy target for outspoken activists, such as Bryan Fischer of the American Family Association, who is using the paper as <a href=\"http:\/\/www.afa.net\/Blogs\/BlogPost.aspx?id=2147530161\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">anti-gay political fodder<\/a>.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>C&rsquo;est tout le probl\u00e8me du sophisme de<a href=\"http:\/\/menace-theoriste.fr\/appel-nature\/\"> l&rsquo;appel \u00e0&nbsp; nature<\/a>. Le caract\u00e8re naturel ne dit rien du caract\u00e8re bon ou mauvais de la chose.<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;autre critique qu&rsquo;on peut adresser \u00e0&nbsp; Max Bird est de prendre partie pour une th\u00e8se controvers\u00e9,<a href=\"http:\/\/bibliobs.nouvelobs.com\/en-partenariat-avec-books\/20131226.OBS0743\/l-homosexualite-est-elle-biologique.html\"> l&rsquo;homosexualit\u00e9 biologique de Jacques Balthazart<\/a>, sans resituer le d\u00e9bat.<\/p>\n<p>Selon les biologistes comme Jacques Balthazart, l&rsquo;homosexualit\u00e9 serait la cause de facteurs g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques et <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%89pig%C3%A9n%C3%A9tique\">\u00e9pig\u00e9n\u00e9tiques<\/a>. C&rsquo;est \u00e0&nbsp; dire comment le contexte va influencer l&rsquo;expression des g\u00eanes. Une m\u00e9taphore efficace est celle du livre: il y a l&rsquo;\u00e9criture et la lecture d&rsquo;un livre. Si l&rsquo;\u00e9criture est la m\u00eame pour tous les lecteurs, l&rsquo;interpr\u00e9tation lors de la lecture varie selon le lecteur.&nbsp; Les g\u00eanes sont l&rsquo;\u00e9criture mais l&rsquo;expression est une question de lecture.<\/p>\n<p>William Rice, Urban Friberg, et Sergey Gavrilets sugg\u00e8rent dans <i>The Quarterly Review of Biology<\/i> que <a href=\"http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/10.1086\/668167\">l&rsquo;homosexualit\u00e9 pourrait avoir ses racines dans l&rsquo;\u00e9pig\u00e9n\u00e9tique,<\/a> plut\u00f4t que dans la g\u00e9n\u00e9tique. Kate Shaw Yoshida r\u00e9sume ainsi leurs conclusions :<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>According to the authors, much of we know about homosexuality suggests that it is not simply a result of direct genetic inheritance. First, despite thorough genome-wide research, <u>no study has been able to find a gene or genetic marker that is consistently associated with homosexuality<\/u> [NDLR: soulign\u00e9 par l&rsquo;auteur]. Second, although twenty to fifty percent of the variation in sexual orientation appears to be inherited in some way, identical twins don&rsquo;t necessarily share a sexual orientation ; if one twin is gay, there&rsquo;s only a twenty percent probability that the other twin is, too. This low probability (or \u201cconcordance\u201d) suggests that simple genetic inheritance might not drive sexual orientation. Finally, the authors argue that any purely genetic \u201cfitness-reducing phenotypes\u201d like homosexuality would be selected against and weeded out of the gene pool.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Ce sont des <a href=\"http:\/\/reflexions.ulg.ac.be\/cms\/c_415441\/en\/sexual-orientation-in-all-its-aspects?portal=j_55&amp;printView=true\">manipulations \u00e9pig\u00e9n\u00e9tiques<\/a> qui permettent \u00e0&nbsp; Jacques Balthazart d&rsquo;obtenir des \u00ab\u00a0souris m\u00e2les f\u00e9minis\u00e9es (des souris m\u00e2les passives) et des \u00ab\u00a0souris femelles masculinis\u00e9es\u00a0\u00bb (des souris femelles actives). Comme l&rsquo;explique ce joli dessin:<\/p>\n<div style=\"width: 1250px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/reflexions.ulg.ac.be\/cms\/c_415441\/en\/sexual-orientation-in-all-its-aspects?portal=j_55&amp;printView=true\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/i.postimg.cc\/C5Hs13s3\/fig1-sexual-orientation.png\" width=\"1240\" height=\"1200\"><\/a><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sch\u00e9ma de Jacques Balthazart sur ses manipulations \u00e9pig\u00e9n\u00e9tiques.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>On voit une diff\u00e9rence entre les hommes et les souris. Chez les humains, tous les \u00ab\u00a0m\u00e2les actifs\u00a0\u00bb ne sont pas pr\u00eats \u00e0&nbsp; avoir des relations sexuelles avec des \u00ab\u00a0m\u00e2les passifs\u00a0\u00bb par exemple. Mais surtout comme le note la page de l&rsquo;universit\u00e9 de Li\u00e8ge sur les travaux de Jacques Balthazart:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Scientific progress makes it possible to provide some answers but has not yet provided formal proof of a biological origin.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Et c&rsquo;est aussi ce que notait Kate Shaw Yoshida sur le papier d&rsquo;\u00e9pig\u00e9n\u00e9tique des chercheurs William Rice, Urban Friberg, et Sergey Gavrilets:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>In the end, that&rsquo;s where the paper leaves us: with an untested hypothesis that appears to fit the statistical frequencies and inheritance patterns of homosexuality. The researchers use a mathematical formula to illustrate that this type of epigenetic inheritance could occur, but the paper is purely theoretical rather than data-driven, and it refers to remarkably few human studies.<\/p>\n<p>This lack of human-related studies is one of the major criticisms of epigenetics today. As <a href=\"http:\/\/arstechnica.com\/science\/2012\/12\/are-genes-our-puppet-masters-or-just-a-single-link-in-a-complex-chain\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">John Timmer explains<\/a>, there&rsquo;s very little evidence that epigenetic inheritance across generations plays a significant role in human behavior, at least for now.<\/p>\n<p>There&rsquo;s also little discussion in the paper of the spectrum of human sexual behavior, which ranges from those who engage solely in same-sex sexual encounters to those who simply like to experiment once in a while. The authors do, however, state that for the paper, the definition of homosexuality includes \u201cany same-sex partner preference\u2026 including bisexuality.\u201d <u>And it doesn&rsquo;t deal at all with the fact that sexual preference is just one part of a large suite of behaviors that can be some combination of \u00ab\u00a0masculine\u00a0\u00bb and \u00ab\u00a0feminine\u00a0\u00bb.<\/u>[NDLR: soulign\u00e9 par l&rsquo;auteur]\u00a0\u00bb<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Et oui comme le souligne le journaliste, il y a une dimension sociale particuli\u00e8re chez l&rsquo;humain. Les sciences humaines ont mis en avant le concept de <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Genre_(sciences_sociales)\">genre<\/a>. Le processus de diff\u00e9rentiation des sexes chez les \u00eatres humains a un caract\u00e8re culturel fort, qui varie selon l&rsquo;espace et le temps. La place des femmes, des hommes et des gens de sexe ind\u00e9termin\u00e9s est extr\u00eamement variable. La fa\u00e7on de les repr\u00e9senter n&rsquo;est pas constante non plus. Les \u00eatres humains s&rsquo;approprient la sexualit\u00e9 avec leur bagage culturel qui leur est propre. On ne peut pas mettre sur le m\u00eame plan des \u00eatres humains et des furets. Chez les \u00eatres humains, la sexualit\u00e9 est plus complexe. On ne peut pas r\u00e9duire les lesbiennes \u00e0&nbsp; des \u00ab\u00a0\u00eatres f\u00e9minins masculinis\u00e9s\u00a0\u00bb. Il n&rsquo;y a pas de furet transgenre non plus.<\/p>\n<p>On peut aussi s&rsquo;interroger sur ce que veut dire \u00ab\u00a0naturelle\u00a0\u00bb dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 o\u00f9 les \u00eatres humains contr\u00f4lent et fa\u00e7onnent leur environnement. Ce que ne font pas les furets.<\/p>\n<p>En conclusion, la lutte contre l&rsquo;homophobie doit \u00e9viter de s&#8217;embarrasser de raisonnements fallacieux. La pers\u00e9cution d&rsquo;\u00eatres humains est inacceptable que ce soit pour des traits inn\u00e9s ou non. Enfin, la vulgarisation scientifique devrait s&rsquo;accompagner d&rsquo;une pr\u00e9sentation large des travaux r\u00e9alis\u00e9s sur le sujet et des d\u00e9bats qui agitent les scientifiques.<\/p>\n<p>Views: 7314<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Max Bird s&#8217;emm\u00eale dans un appel \u00e0\u00a0 la nature fallacieux et non v\u00e9rifi\u00e9 en voulant d\u00e9fendre la cause LGBT.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,198],"tags":[203,200,202,63,43,201,199,52],"class_list":["post-248","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-billets-dhumeur","category-critique-de-videos","tag-epigenetique","tag-dirty-biology","tag-genetique","tag-genre","tag-homophobie","tag-homosexualite","tag-max-bird","tag-youtube"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/debian-economist.eu\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/248","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/debian-economist.eu\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/debian-economist.eu\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/debian-economist.eu\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/debian-economist.eu\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=248"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/debian-economist.eu\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/248\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":919,"href":"https:\/\/debian-economist.eu\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/248\/revisions\/919"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/debian-economist.eu\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=248"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/debian-economist.eu\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=248"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/debian-economist.eu\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=248"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}